In the 10th and 11th centuries Scots Gaelic was at its most popular as a language where most people who lived in Scotland spoke the language. Today there is only around 1.6% who can speak Gaelic. Most pro- Gaelic speakers would say that this was the plan of the English – to rid the British Isles of its Gaelic language and replace it by the English language. But there are a number of reasons for the decline of Gaelic as a language.
Firstly, by about 1400 the actual variation between the Highlands and the Lowlands had been solidly recognized. A scholarly man known as John of Fordun had this to point out concerning the differences between the highlanders and the lowlanders in 1380:
“The people from the coast tend to be of domestic and civilised behavior, trusty, patient, as well as urbane, respectable in their attire, affable, and tranquil, devout in Divine worship, but constantly willing to reject a wrong at the hands of their opponents. The highlanders and also individuals from the islands, in contrast, are a savage and untamed nation, rude or obnoxious and self-sufficient, given to rapine, ease-loving, smart and also speedy to master, comely in person, yet unattractive in dress, inhospitable towards the English people as well as language, and, due to the variety of dialog, also to their own nation, and very vicious. These people are nevertheless faithful and obedient to their own king and nation, and easily made to submit to regulation, if appropriately ruled.”
Consequently it may be asserted the main cause for the reduction of the Gaelic language was as a result of the break down amongst the various regions of Scotland. And by the sixteenth century the divergence between both was at a record high due to historical factors and a different language spoken. James VI had two key concepts for his Highland policy – one was to help to make an income and the other was to increase the amount of plantation. He suspected that the highlanders and especially the islanders weren’t paying their own reasonable taxation and he wanted to adjust this.
In 1597 he set up three burghs in the Highlands with the intent of allowing a number of the lowlanders to rule. With the strengthening Campbell clan and the dislike for the lowlanders of the Highlanders and the Islanders, more disruption was to follow. It was costing the King more money than he cared to spend.
For more on Scotlands colourful history please go to Scotland.
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